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Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain

Received: 7 March 2016     Accepted: 25 April 2016     Published: 8 June 2016
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Abstract

Background and purpose: The main and the most known complication of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is systemic toxicity due to local anesthetics that occurs following the accidental tourniquet release immediately after injection. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine on reducing the dose and side effects of lidocaine. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing the surgery of upper limb below the elbow under IVRA were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1 (control group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% (200 mg) and in group 2 (intervention group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.25% (100 mg) plus 40 mg of ketamine 0.1% injected intravenously. Outcomes included postoperative pain at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery. The pain of the patients was assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS Score). Results: Both groups were comparable in demographic and surgical parameters. The average pain based on the VAS score at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery was similar in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). Moreover, postoperative complications including unconsciousness, restlessness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, seizure, delirium and hallucination had no significant differences (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the addition of ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine in patients receiving IVRA significantly reduced postoperative pain, and reduces the likelihood of systemic toxicity with lidocaine without causing significant adverse effects.

Published in Journal of Anesthesiology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11
Page(s) 1-4
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Regional Anesthesia, Analgesic Effect, Lidocaine, Ketamine

References
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[4] Johnson CN. Intravenous regional anesthesia: new approaches to an old technique. CRNA. 2000; 11: 57-61
[5] Tverskoy M, Oren M, Vaskovich M, et al. Ketamine enhances local anesthetic and analgesic effects of bupivacaine by peripheral mechanism: A study in postoperative patients. Neurosci Lett 1996; 215: 5- 8.
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[19] Hala S. Abdel-Ghaffar, MD, Mahmoud Abdel-Azez Kalefa, PhD, Ahmed Said Imbaby, MBBCH. Efficacy of ketamine as an adjunct to lidocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2014; 39: 418-422.
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  • APA Style

    Siamak Yaghubi, Vahideh Rashtchi, Farzaneh Karamitanha. (2016). Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 4(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11

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    ACS Style

    Siamak Yaghubi; Vahideh Rashtchi; Farzaneh Karamitanha. Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2016, 4(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11

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    AMA Style

    Siamak Yaghubi, Vahideh Rashtchi, Farzaneh Karamitanha. Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2016;4(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11,
      author = {Siamak Yaghubi and Vahideh Rashtchi and Farzaneh Karamitanha},
      title = {Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain},
      journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-4},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ja.20160401.11},
      abstract = {Background and purpose: The main and the most known complication of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is systemic toxicity due to local anesthetics that occurs following the accidental tourniquet release immediately after injection. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine on reducing the dose and side effects of lidocaine. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing the surgery of upper limb below the elbow under IVRA were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1 (control group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% (200 mg) and in group 2 (intervention group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.25% (100 mg) plus 40 mg of ketamine 0.1% injected intravenously. Outcomes included postoperative pain at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery. The pain of the patients was assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS Score). Results: Both groups were comparable in demographic and surgical parameters. The average pain based on the VAS score at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery was similar in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). Moreover, postoperative complications including unconsciousness, restlessness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, seizure, delirium and hallucination had no significant differences (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the addition of ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine in patients receiving IVRA significantly reduced postoperative pain, and reduces the likelihood of systemic toxicity with lidocaine without causing significant adverse effects.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparing the Analgesic Effects of Lidocaine and Lidocaine with Ketamine in Intravenous Regional Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain
    AU  - Siamak Yaghubi
    AU  - Vahideh Rashtchi
    AU  - Farzaneh Karamitanha
    Y1  - 2016/06/08
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11
    T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
    JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
    JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 4
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2997-2698
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20160401.11
    AB  - Background and purpose: The main and the most known complication of intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) is systemic toxicity due to local anesthetics that occurs following the accidental tourniquet release immediately after injection. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine on reducing the dose and side effects of lidocaine. Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients undergoing the surgery of upper limb below the elbow under IVRA were randomly divided into two groups. In group 1 (control group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% (200 mg) and in group 2 (intervention group), 40 ml lidocaine 0.25% (100 mg) plus 40 mg of ketamine 0.1% injected intravenously. Outcomes included postoperative pain at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery. The pain of the patients was assessed by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS Score). Results: Both groups were comparable in demographic and surgical parameters. The average pain based on the VAS score at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery was similar in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). Moreover, postoperative complications including unconsciousness, restlessness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, seizure, delirium and hallucination had no significant differences (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study showed that the addition of ketamine to lower dose of lidocaine in patients receiving IVRA significantly reduced postoperative pain, and reduces the likelihood of systemic toxicity with lidocaine without causing significant adverse effects.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

  • Department of Anesthesiology, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

  • Department of Community Medicine, Medical Faculty, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

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